Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 7 Articles
BuyangHuanwuDecoction (BHD) is a well-known Chinese herbal prescription for ischemic stroke.The objective of this systematic\r\nreview and meta-analysis is to provide the current evidence for neuroprotective effects of BHD and its possible mechanisms in\r\nanimal models of focal ischemia. A systematic literature search, through October 2012, was performed using six databases. The\r\noutcome measures assessed were infarct size and/or neurological score. Fifty-six studies with 1270 animals that met the inclusion\r\ncriteria were identified. The median score for methodological quality was 3 with a range of 2 to 6. Compared with vehicle or no\r\ntreatment controls, BHD gave a 37% improvement in outcome for all doses ranging from 1.0 g/kg to 60 g/kg at each time point that\r\nBHDwas administered (P < 0.01). Efficacy was higher in mousemodels that utilized suture occlusion and temporary ischemia.The\r\nneuroprotective effects of BHDare involved inmultiplemechanisms and act uponmultiple cell types. In conclusion, BHDpossesses\r\nsubstantial neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke probably as a result of the multitarget therapy strategy typically utilized\r\nin traditional Chinese medicine. Future research should examine the presence of possible experimental bias and an in-depth study\r\nof herbal compound preparations...
This study aims to evaluate potential toxic effect of Jatropha curcas leaves methanol extract on laboratory rats as well as determine its\r\nLD50. A total of 80maleWistar rats were used as the experimental animals, 40 for LD50 determination and the other 40 for toxicity\r\nstudy. Based on the pretest that was done in order to establish a range of toxicity, 4 dosages (86.00, 58.00, 46.00, and 34.0 kg/body\r\nweight) were chosen. The rats were randomly assigned into four groups with 10 rats in each group. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were\r\ngiven 0mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, and 2000mg/kg body weight of Jatropha curcas extract, respectively, by oral intubation\r\nfor 21 days. Thereafter, clinical signs, change in body weight, toxicity symptoms, and biochemical parameters were obtained.The\r\nLD50 at 95% confidence limits for rats was 46.0mg/kg body weight (44.95ââ?¬â??52.69mg/kg body mass). There was no clinical and\r\nbiochemical signs of toxicity when the extract was administered at 500, 1000, and 2000mg/kg body weight, respectively (P > 0.05).\r\nResults obtained from this study suggest that liver, kidney, and haematological system of rats tolerated methanolic leave extract of\r\nJatropha curcas at a certain concentration....
Objective. To assess volume guarantee (VG) ventilation combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) strategy\r\non PaCO2 regulation in an experimental model of neonatal distress syndrome. Methods. Six 2-day-old piglets weighing 2.57 �±\r\n0.26 kg were used for this interventional experimental study. Animals were ventilated during physiologic lung conditions and after\r\ndepletion of lung surfactant by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The effect of HFOV combined with VG on PaCO2 was evaluated at\r\ndifferent high-frequency expired tidal volume (VThf) at constant frequency (fr) and mean airway pressure (mPaw). Fluctuations\r\nof the pressure (?Phf) around themPaw and PaCO2 were analyzed before and after lung surfactant depletion. Results. PaCO2 levels\r\nwere inversely proportional toVThf. In the physiological lung condition, an increase inVThf caused a significant decrease in PaCO2\r\nand an increase in ?Phf. After BAL, PaCO2 did not change as compared with pre-BAL situation as the VThf remained constant by\r\nthe ventilator. Conclusions. In this animal model, using HFOV combined with VG, changes in the VThf settings induced significant\r\nmodifications in PaCO2. After changing the lung condition by depletion of surfactant, PaCO2 remained unchanged, as the VThf\r\nsetting was maintained constant by modifications in the ?Phf done by the ventilator....
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressively paralytic neurodegenerative disease that can be caused by mutations in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Transgenic mice that overexpress mutant SOD1 develop paralysis and accumulate aggregates of mutant protein in the brainstem and spinal cord. Bee venom (BV), which is also known as apitoxin, is extracted from honeybees and is commonly used in oriental medicine for the treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether BV affects misfolded protein aggregates such as alpha-synuclein, which is a known pathological marker in Parkinson disease, and ubiquitin-proteasomal activity in hSOD1G93A mutant mice. BV was bilaterally administered into a 98-day-old hSOD1G93A animal model. We found that BV-treated hSOD1G93A transgenic mice showed reduced detergent-insoluble polymerization and phosphorylation of �±-synuclein. Furthermore, phosphorylated or nitrated �±-synuclein was significantly reduced in the spinal cords and brainstems of BV-treated hSOD1G93A mice and reduced proteasomal activity was revealed in the brainstems of BV-treated symptomatic hSOD1G93A. From these findings, we suggest that BV treatment attenuates the dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasomal system in a symptomatic hSOD1G93A ALS model and may help to slow motor neuron loss caused by misfolded protein aggregates in ALS models....
Neuropathic pain remains as one of the most difficult clinical pain syndromes to treat. Electroacupuncture (EA), involving\r\nendogenous opioids and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), is reported to be clinically efficacious in various\r\nfields of pain. Although multiple experimental articles were conducted to assess the effect of EA-induced analgesia, no review has\r\nbeen published to assess the efficacy and clarify the mechanism of EA on neuropathic pain. To this aim, this study was firstly\r\ndesigned to evaluate the EA-induced analgesic effect on neuropathic pain and secondly to guide and help future efforts to advance\r\nthe neuropathic pain treatment. For this purpose, articles referring to the analgesic effect of acupuncture on neuropathic pain and\r\nparticularly the work performed in our own laboratory were analyzed. Based on the articles reviewed, the role of spinal opioidergic,\r\nadrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic receptors in themechanism of EA-induced analgesia was studied.The results\r\nof this research demonstrate that �µ and d opioid receptors, a2-adrenoreceptors, 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 serotonergic receptors, M1\r\nmuscarinic receptors, and GABAA and GABAB GABAergic receptors are involved in the mechanisms of EA-induced analgesia on\r\nneuropathic pain....
Background: Bioabsorbable implants are not widely used in spine surgery. This study investigated the clinical and\r\nradiological findings after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in an ovine animal model with an\r\nexperimental bioabsorbable cage consisting of magnesium and polymer (poly-e-caprolactone, PCL) in comparison\r\nto a tricortical bone graft as the gold standard procedure.\r\nMaterials and Methods: 24 full-grown sheep had ACDF of C3/4 and C5/6 with an experimental bioabsorbable\r\nimplant (magnesium and PCL) in one level and an autologous tricortical bone graft in the second level. The sheep\r\nwere divided into 4 groups (6 sheep each). After 3, 6, 12, or 24 weeks postoperatively, the cervical spines were\r\nharvested and conventional x-rays of each operated segment were conducted. The progress of interbody fusion\r\nwas classified according to a three-point scoring system.\r\nResults: There were no operation related complications except for one intraoperative fracture of the anterior\r\nsuperior iliac spine and two cases of screw loosening and sinking, respectively. In particular, no vascular, neurologic,\r\nwound healing or infectious problems were observed. According to the time of follow-up, both interbody fusion\r\ndevices showed similar behaviour with increasing intervertebral osseointegration and complete arthrodesis in 10 of\r\n12 (83.3%) motion segments after 24 weeks.\r\nConclusions: The bioabsorbable magnesium-PCL cage used in this experimental animal study showed clinically no\r\nsigns of incompatibility such as infectious or wound healing problems. The radiographic results regarding the\r\nosseointegration are comparable between the cage and the bone graft group....
We present the new fixation method for RHA(resurfacing hip arthroplasty) endoprostheses by means of the biomimeticmultispiked\r\nconnecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold). Such connecting scaffold can generate new type of RHA endoprostheses, that is stemless and\r\nfixed entirely without cement. The preprototypes of this MSC-Scaffold were manufactured with modern additive laser additive\r\ntechnology (SLM). The pilot surgical implantations in animal model (two laboratory swine) of MSC-Scaffold preprototypes have\r\nshowed after two months neither implant loosening, migration, and nor other early complications. From the results of performed\r\nhistopathological evaluation of the periscaffold spikes bone tissue and 10-day culture of human osteoblasts (NHOst) we can\r\nconclude that (1) the scaffolding effect was obtained and (2) to improve the osseointegration of the scaffold spikes, their material\r\nsurface should be physicochemically modified (e.g., with hydroxyapatite). Some histopathological findings in the periscaffold\r\ndomain near the MSC-Scaffold spikes bases (fibrous connective tissue and metallic particles near the MSC-Scaffold spikes bases\r\nedges) prompt considering the necessity to optimize the design of the MSC-Scaffold in the regions of its interspike space near the\r\nspikes bases edges, to provide more room for new bone formation in this region and for indispensable post-processing (glass pearl\r\nblasting) after the SLM manufacturing....
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